Hyperparathyroidism is when the body makes too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is made in the parathyroid gland. It helps to balance calcium levels in the blood. High PTH causes too much calcium in the blood.
There are different types of hyperparathyroidism based on cause. They may be primary, secondary, or tertiary.
Primary hyperparathyroidism may be caused by:
Secondary hyperparathyroidism may be caused by:
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is caused by an enlargement of the parathyroid. It can happen in those with long term kidney failure and dialysis.
Hyperparathyroidism is more common in women after menopause. It is also more common in people older than 50 years of age. Other things that may increase the chances of hyperparathyroidism are:
Symptoms are caused by changes in calcium levels. Primary hyperparathyroidism may cause:
The doctor will ask about symptoms and past health. A physical exam will be done. Testing may include:
Treatment will be based on the cause. Examples include:
Medicine can also help to manage side effects or keep calcium levels in a normal range.
Blood calcium levels may need to be checked on a regular basis. It can help to find problems early. Other tests can also help to look for related problems such as bone density tests.
Healthy amounts of calcium and vitamin D may prevent hyperparathyroidism in women. A healthy diet can help.
Hormone Health Network—Endocrine Society
The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons
Health Canada
The Canadian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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Last reviewed March 2020 by EBSCO Medical Review Board Monica Zangwill, MD, MPH
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.